A pill to prevent preeclampsia is being developed in the UK

A new therapeutic perspective for preeclampsia, based on is being developed across the Atlantic. It was in the UK that a new pill that could prevent pre-eclampsia has become the first pregnancy drug to have its development accelerated by the UK medicines regulator, the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). According to the British newspaper The Guardian, researchers at MirZyme Therapeutics, a biopharmaceutical company, believe they have developed a drug that given to women from 20 weeks of pregnancy can prevent them from developing the disease. At the head of this company, Professor Asif Ahmed, founder of the Aston Medical School in Birmingham, and world-renowned vascular scientist. The company has been working on developing this treatment for several years now, but it was only recently awarded an ‘Innovation Passport’ by the MHRA.

With approximately 2 to 8% of pregnant women suffering from it worldwide, preeclampsia is a dysfunction of the placenta during pregnancy, the origin of which is still unknown. This pathology can have fatal complications with more than 50,000 maternal deaths per year and indirectly more than one million fetal or perinatal deaths worldwide. High blood pressure, proteinuria (significant presence of protein in the urine), placental coagulation abnormality, maternal cardiovascular abnormalities, and fetal growth retardation are key symptoms of preeclampsia. As the placenta functions worse, the supply of nutrients, oxygen and purification of toxins no longer occurs correctly. As a result, the baby’s growth is slowed down, this is called intrauterine growth retardation. There is also a risk of prematurity (a baby born prematurely before 37 weeks of amenorrhea) when delivery becomes necessary before the expected term.

A pathology that would result from a dysfunction of the placenta

As the CNRS* explains on this subject, “ preeclampsia also has long-term effects on the mother, several years after pregnancy, at cardiovascular, renal, cerebral and hepatic levels. The currently recommended treatment for preeclampsia, with all its limitations, is the preventive intake of aspirin by patients at risk.. This treatment has the effect of lowering the pro-coagulant state in the placenta and partially relieving the vascular network. According to the British newspaper, the “innovation passport” scheme was established in January 2021 to speed up access to essential new medicines at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is given to medicines that meet the needs of patients with urgent and unmet medical needs, with the aim of bringing the medicine to market as quickly as possible. The treatment in question is called MZe786 and takes the form of a tablet to be taken once a day by women considered to be at risk from the 20th week of pregnancy.

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Preeclampsia is usually detected in the second half of pregnancy and can lead to serious complications if they are not detected during appointments with the midwife. Early signs include high blood pressure and protein in the urine. For ten years, its causes have been better understood: the origin of the disease is a dysfunction of the placenta. In a dedicated file, Inserm states that ” this apparently develops normally during the first trimester of pregnancy. But afterwards it is not “optimally effective”. This poses a problem during the second part of pregnancy, a period when fetal growth, and especially the brain of the future baby, requires a significant blood flow (about 1 liter/minute at the end of pregnancy): the placenta is imperfect. allows continuation of the pregnancy, but an increased release of placental waste and fetal cells into the mother’s blood is observed. »

A pill to inhibit the action of the Flt-1 protein

However, the organization specifies that it is likely that the remains of placental origin lead to an increase in the production of molecules that act on the mother’s blood vessels, inducing an increase in the mother’s blood pressure. The MirZyme company claims to be the first company to develop products that can interfere with the production of these molecules, allowing women to be able to protect their babies and in some cases themselves from the disease. In January 2021, she announced her discovery, patented, thereby emphasizing that “ studies by Professor Ahmed and his colleagues show that preeclampsia is caused by a defect in protective enzymes combined with an increase in a soluble culprit protein called Flt-1 in the mother’s bloodstream. His research published in the journal ORP Biology is based on two models of preeclampsia in mice: a genetically modified model and a surgically induced model.

When tested in mice, the drug was found to be effective in improving maternal and fetal outcomes, reducing blood pressure, preventing major organ damage in the expectant mother, improving fetal weight and reducing fetal mortality. No negative side effects were detected on the mice or their offspring. However, the company does not really provide details about the composition of the drug, except that the MZe786 pill is presented by it as a chemically modified aspirin capable of inhibiting the sFtl-1 protein and as a ” superior therapeutic candidate to aspirin alone in preventing preeclampsia. » The treatment will be offered to women identified as being at high risk of developing pre-eclampsia, knowing that MirZyme Therapeutics is also working on the development of a diagnostic tool which will make it possible to accurately detect, using artificial intelligence, pre-eclampsia in a pregnant woman before symptomatic.